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The world's leading causes of death in 2001 were heart diseaseheart disease and stroke, according to a new study on global health.

Researcher Alan Lopez, PhD, and colleagues combed through thousands of data sources from all over the globe on 136 diseases and injuries in 2001.

Lopez works in Brisbane, Australia at the University of Queensland's School of Population Health. He and his colleagues published the results in The Lancet. Among their findings:

Slightly more than 56 million people died in 2001.
Those deaths included 10.6 million children, almost all of whom (99%) lived in low- and middle-income countries.
More than half of the children died from 5 preventable or treatable conditions:
Respiratory infections
MeaslesMeasles
DiarrheaDiarrhea
Malaria
HIV/AIDSHIV/AIDS
HIV/AIDS in Africa and setbacks in health for the former Soviet Union offset gains against other diseases.
The study shows that one in three deaths was due to communicable diseases, nutritional deficiencies, and health problems in pregnant women, new mothers, fetuses, or newborns.

Top 10 Causes of Death

Heart disease and stroke were the leading causes of death in 2001, regardless of countries' incomes, the study shows.

However, other leading causes of death differed depending on countries' incomes. Here is the list for high-income countries:

Heart disease
Stroke
Lung cancerLung cancer
Lower respiratory infections
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
Colon and rectum cancers
Alzheimer's diseaseAlzheimer's disease and other dementias
Type 2 diabetesdiabetes
Breast cancerBreast cancer
Stomach cancerStomach cancer
Here is the list for low- and middle-income countries:

Heart disease
Stroke
Lower respiratory infections
HIV/AIDS
Fetus/newborn (perinatal) conditions
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
Diarrhea
Tuberculosis
Malaria
Road traffic accidents
Improvements, Setbacks

Lopez and colleagues saw some gains and setbacks, compared to the study's 1990 findings.

"Worldwide, HIV/AIDS and malaria are large and growing causes of death and disease burden, especially in sub-Saharan Africa," the researchers write, adding that the records show some progress in Africa against measles, acute respiratory infections, and diarrhea.

They also note that countries of the former Soviet Union had "setbacks" in adult deaths during the 1990s. The study doesn't show a reason for that pattern, but the "absence of sustained health monitoring and policies" in those countries may have played a role, the researchers note.

They add that while health records have improved in some parts of the world, some countries have more detailed records than others.

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SOURCES: Lopez, A. The Lancet, May 27, 2006; vol 367: pp 1747-1757. News release, The Lancet.

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